SYLLABUS FOR
BDS, MDS and DM

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1. SYLLABUS I BDS
2. SYLLABUS II BDS
3. SYLLABUS – III BDS
4. SYLLABUS – FINAL BDS
5. SYLLABUS M.D.S. Part I
SYLLABUS M.D.S. Part II
6. SYLLABUS FOR THE DENTAL MECHANICS COURSE

 

SYLLABUS FOR ( I Year BDS )

 

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ANATOMY

Introduction to Anatomy :

Terms Used: -

  1. Introduction to Osteology – Epiphyses – Ossification
  2. Introduction to Joints – All Types of Joints.
  3. Muscles – Types – Action – Terms used.
  4. Nervous System – Central and Peripheral
  5. Typical Spinal Nerve
  6. Autonomic Nervous System.

Embryology:

  1. Gametogenesis – The Genital Systems of Male and Female
  2. Fertilisation – When and where it occurs and its results
  3. Ectopic and Normal Implantation
  4. Development from Zygotes to Chorionic Vesicle
  5. Formation of Notochord, Neural Tube, Neural Crest
  6. Formation of the Trilaminar Germ Disc
  7. Foldings of the Embryo
  8. Foetal Membranes – Fundamental Idea
  9. Development of Face – Nose Lips Oral Cavity, & Jaws
  10. Development of Brachial Arches and their derivatives ( Tongue, Tonsil, Thymus, Thyroid, Parathyroid )
  11. Development of Cranium and Vertebrae
  12. Development of the Temporo Mandibular Joint
  13. Development of Teeth
  14. Development of the Salivary Glands
  15. Development of Pituitary and Pharynx
  16. Development of the Respiratory Tract
  17. Development of Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck

 

GROSS ANATOMY

1. Dissection:

  1. Regional Dissection of Head and Neck
  2. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy
  3. Vol 3 - Latest Edition is followed

2. Lectures:

A Osteology:

i) Vertebrae in General
ii) Cervical Vertebrae in Detail
iii) Skull – General Architecture

Interior of Cranium

  • Exterior of Cranium
  • Norma Verticalis
  • Norma Occipitalis
  • Norma Lateralis
  • Norma Basalis

iv) Individual Skull Bones, Mandible, Sphenoid,

Parietal, Frontal, maxilla, Ethmoid, Vomer, Nasal, Zygomatic,Temporal, Lachrymal, inferior Nasal Concha, etc.

3. Soft Parts :

  1. Scalp & Temple – Muscle, Vessels & Nerves Face – Muscles Vessels & Nerves (Including Extra – Cranial Course of VII Nerves)
  2. Posterior Triangle – Boundaries and contents (including Brachial plexus and third part of sub-clavian Artery)
  3. Back – Sub occipital Triangle boundaries and contents of carotid, Digastric, Sub mental and Muscular Triangles.
  4. Median Region of the Front of the Neck-Cervical Facia.
  5. Anterior Jugular Vein
  6. Platysma
  7. Sternocleidomastoid
  8. Cranial cavity – Duramater – Layers – folds Dural Venous sinuses – Diploic Veins.
  9. Meningeal vessels, Emissary veins Cranial Fosse and their contents Removal of Brain
  10. Lachrymal Apparatus and structure of Eyelid Orbit – Muscles, Vessels, Nerves (II, III, IV, V, VI)
  11. Orbital Periosteum
  12. Facial sheath of Eyeball
  13. Deep Dissection of Neck
  14. Thymus
  15. Thyroid and Parathyroid
  16. Subclavian Artery I & II parts
  17. Branchocephalic Veins
  18. Trachea
  19. Oesophagus
  20. Cranial Nerves – Intracranial
  21. Course of VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII cranial nerves
  22. Common Carotid – its sub divisions, External carotid artery and its branches.
  23. Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
  24. Cervical Plexus
  25. Lymphatic drainage of head and neck
  26. Pre-Vertebral region
  27. Parotid region
  28. Temporal and infra temporal regions including Muscles of mastication and Temporo mandibular Joint.
  29. Submandibular region – Submandibular & Sublingual glands
  30. Mouth & Pharynx – Roof, floor & Vestibule of the mouth
  31. Muscles of Pharynx. Subdivisions of the cavity of  Pharynx Tonsil, Palate, Pharyngo – Tympanic tube
  32. Adenoids, Carotid, Canal Tongue
  33. Note & Nasal Cavity – Apertures, Lateral wall, Septum of Nose, Floor, Roof, Blood Vessels & nerves, Para nasal Air sinuses
  34. Larynx – Wall – muscles, ligaments, cartilages
  35. Cavity – subdivisions
  36. Vocal cord
  37. Organs of hearing and equilibration
  38. External ear
  39. Middle ear
  40. Internal ear
  41. Eye ball –
  42. Spinal Cord – Coverings of Meninges
  43. Contents of Vertebral canal
  44. Gross Anatomy of Spinal Cord
  45. Regional differentiation
  46. Blood supply
  47. Main ascending and descending tracts and their functions
  48. Joints of the Neck
  49. Brain – Meninges
  50. Subarachnoid Cisterns
  51. Blood supply of Brain
  52. External surface of base of brain
  53. Hind brain – Medulla – Occipital view and cranial nerves attached
  54. Pons
  55. Cerebellum – subdivisions and functions
  56. Fourth Ventricle
  57. Mid Brain – External View – Cranial nerves attached
  58. Cerebrum – Main Sulci & Gyri – White matter of Cerebrum Lateral Ventricle
  59. Thalamus – Geniculate Bodies
  60. Internal Capsule
  61. Basal Ganglia
  62. Upper Limb – Names of the bones & Joints
  63. Main Artery, Important muscle, nerves & veins
  64. Thorax – Inlet – Outlet
  65. Subdivisions
  66. Lungs and Pleura
  67. Heart, Pericardium and its blood vessels
  68. Diaphragm
  69. Abdomen – Subdivisions
  70. Location of the abdominal organs in relation to the abdominal wall
  71. Their blood supply & nerve supply

Histology

  1. Structure of Epithelium – different types – connective tissues fibres and cells
  2. Bone
  3. Cartilage
  4. Muscles
  5. Blood Vessels
  6. Lymphatic tissue – Lymph node, tonsil, spleen & thymus
  7. Alimentary system – Salivary glands
  8. Oesophagus
  9. Stomach
  10. Intestines – Small & Large i.e., Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum
  11. Caecum, Appendix, Colon
  12. Liver, Gall Bladder
  13. Pancreas
  14. Reproductive System – Testis, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens
  15. Prostate, Seminal Vesicle
  16. Ovary, Oviduct, Uterus, Placenta, Mammary gland, Umbilical Cord
  17. Eye - Cornea, Retina
  18. Ear - Cochlea
  19. Skin - Thin Skin, Thick Skin
  20. Respiratory System - Trachea, Lungs
  21. Urinary System - Kidney
  22. Ureter
  23. Urinary Bladder
  24. Nervous System - Spinal Cord – Different levels
  25. Cerebrum
  26. Cerebellum
  27. Medulla – 3 levels
  28. Pons – 2 levels
  29. Midbrain – 2 levels
  30. Sensory Nerve endings
  31. Motor Nerve endings
  32. Endocrines - Pituitary
  33. Thyroid
  34. Parathyroid
  35. Supra – Renal gland

Demonstration:

  1. Demonstration of Dissected Specimens
  2. Embryology Models and Charts
  3. Embryology Slides
  4. Histology Slides

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PHYSIOLOGY FIRST BDS
                       (Paper II)

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Introduction to Physiology:

  1. The cell as the living unit of the body
  2. The extra cellular fluid
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Transport through the cell membrane
  5. Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials

Blood:

  1. Composition of Blood
  2. The Red Blood Cells
  3. Blood Volume
  4. Haemoglobin
  5. The formation of Red Cells and Anaemia
  6. Haemorrhage – Transfusion, haemolysis or Laking of Blood
  7. The blood groups
  8. The white cells
  9. The blood platelets
  10. The reticular Endothelial system
  11. The Coagulation of Blood
  12. Cardio Vascular System
  13. General description of the circulatory system
  14. Basic haemodynamic principles
  15. Relevant to circulation. The structure and physiological properties of cardiac muscle
  16. Origin and conduction of heart beat Cardiac Cycle
  17. Different cyclic changes which occur
  18. Electrocardiogram
  19. Leads used both clinically and experimentally
  20. Normal pattern and interpretation. ECG in cardiac disorders.
  21. Cardiac Output
  22. Terminology, Normal values, Measurement of Cardiac output,
  23. Distribution of cardiac output, Factors controlling cardiac output.
  24. Arterial blood pressure
  25. Measurement of arterial blood pressure. Normal values, Factors controlling arterial pressure and factors affecting arterial pressure
  26. Radial Pulse
  27. Heart Rate and its Regulations
  28. Vasomotor centre, Nerves of the Heart and their action.
  29. Physiology of Shock
  30. Special Circulation
  31. Pulmonary circulation, Cerebral circulation, Coronary circulation, Skin circulation, Hepatic circulation, Splenic circulation and Renal circulation.
  32. Respiration
  33. Structure of the respiratory organs
  34. Structure of the respiratory organs
  35. Mechanics of respiration
  36. Subdivisions of lung air
  37. The Chemistry of respiration
  38. Transport of respiratory gases in blood
  39. Control of respiration
  40. Physiological modification of respiration
  41. Hypoxia
  42. Artificial respiration
  43. Excretion
  44. Structure of the nephron
  45. Volume and composition of Urine
  46. Formation of urine
  47. Renal function tests
  48. Micturition
  49. Artificial Kidney
  50. Endocrines
  51. General Chemistry of Hormones
  52. The Thyroid gland
  53. The Parathyroid gland
  54. Endocrine Pancreas
  55. Adrenal glands
  56. Pituitary gland
  57. The pineal gland
  58. Prostaglandin
  59. Thymus
  60. Gonads and Reproduction
  61. Male reproductive system
  62. Androgens
  63. Spermate genesis
  64. Female reproductive system
  65. Structure of Ovary
  66. Menstruation
  67. Pregnancy
  68. Lactation
  69. Muscle and the Nervous system
  70. Skeletal muscle structure and properties
  71. Structure and function of the nervous tissue
  72. Reflex action
  73. The Afferent nervous system
  74. The Regulation of posture
  75. The Cerebellum
  76. Structure of the cerebral cortex
  77. Voluntary movement
  78. The Basal Ganglia
  79. The Thalamus
  80. The Electroencephalogram
  81. Somatic sensory cortex and parietal lobe
  82. The prefrontal lobe
  83. Physiology of Pain
  84. Taste
  85. The Brain Stem
  86. The Autonomic nervous system
  87. The Special Senses 
  88. Digestion
  89. Structure of the digestive tract
  90. Digestion in the mouth
  91. Digestion in the stomach
  92. Digestion in the intestine
  93. Absorption in the intestine
  94. Movement of alimentary canal
  95. Defecation

PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS & DEMONSTRATION

I BDS

  1. Enumeration of Red Blood Cells
  2. Enumeration of White Blood Cells
  3. Differential Leucocytes Count
  4. Determination of Haemoglobin
  5. Determination of Blood Group
  6. Determination of Pulse and Blood Pressure
  7. Determination of Bleeding time and clotting time

Demonstration

  1. Determination of packed cell volume
  2. Clinical examination of chest
  3. Properties of excitable tissues
  4. Skeletal muscle
  5. Cardiac muscle
  6. Activity of Frog’s heart effects of vagal stimulation and of atropine and adrenaline
  7. Perfusion of Frog’s heart. Effects of sodium calcium and potassium ions.

BIOCHEMISTRY THEORY

I BDS

1. Biological Carbohydrates and Lipids

Carbohydrates- classification, structure chemical reactions of monosaccharides – deoxy and amine sugars, di and poly saccharides, glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides – properties and biological importance. Lipids – classification and structure, properties of triglycerides, phospholipids and other compound lipids, Characteristic chemical reaction and properties of lipids, cholesterol, bile acid and steroids.

2. Peptides and Proteins

Classification, structure and properties of amino acids formation of peptide bonds – definition of peptides determination of primary structure of peptides by procedure like electrophoresin chromatography and ultra centrifugation physiologically active peptides – classification of proteins – size and shape of proteins and bonds responsible for their structure – denaturation and colour reactions of proteins – separation, determination, origin and function of plasma proteins and their alterations in pathological conditions.

3. Enzymes

Definition – Classification of Enzymes – coenzymes Enzyme specificity – measurement of enzyme activity, Enzyme kinetics – Miohaelis menten equation – double reciprocal or Line Weaver Bork plot – sigmoidal saturation kinetics – optimum pH and temperature – competitive, non-competitive – and non competitive inhibition – mechanism of enzyme action Iso-enzymes and enzymes in clinical diagnosis

4. Mineral Metabolism

Function, sources requirements, absorption, metabolism and deficiency symptoms with reference to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium and trace elements such as iron, copper and fluoride.

5. Whole Body Metabolism

General outline of metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids – biological oxidation.

6. Haemoglobin

Structure – abnormal haemoglobin – porphyrins – synthesis and break down – metabolism of bile pigments.

7. Vitamins

Structure, function, requirements, resources and deficiency symptoms with reference to vitamins A, D, E, K, and C & B COMPLEX

Practicals

1. Reactions of Carbohydrates (monosaccharides – glucose, Fructose and galactose – disaccharides – Lactose, maltose, sucrose) and proteins
2. Gastric analysis (Total and Free Acidity)
3. Normal and pathological constituents in urine

MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY (Paper III)

FIRST BDS

Aims and scope of the science of Dental materials .Structure and behaviour of materials. Important Physical properties applicable to dental materials including their biological consideration. Gypsum products used in dentistry including casting investment materials with or without gypsums binder.

Impression material used in dentistry including duplicating materials.

Synthetic resins used in dentistry.

General properties and physical characteristics Resins as denture base materials. Repair and reline materials, soft liners, and tissue conditioners. Resins as restorative materials, unfilled and filled resin restorative materials tissue sealants. Direct bonding cement materials.

Metals and Alloys : Their structure and behaviour and some important physical properties.

  1. Dental amalgam alloys
  2. Gold foil
  3. Dental casting gold alloys
  4. Dental waxes including inlay casting wax.
  5. Welding and Soldering materials used.

Dental Cements: Classification, composition manipulation properties and uses. Zinc cements, Copper cements, Zinc oxide, Eugenol cements, Silicate cement, cavity line cavity varnishes, resin cement.

Dental Porcelain including porcelain fused to metal. Porcelain furnace and fusing.

Mechanics of Tooth cuttings, burs and points
Abrasives and polishing agents
Die and Counter die materials including electro-forming and electro-polishing
Filling materials for anterior teeth

MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY

FIRST YEAR BDS

PRACTICALS

Manipulating and Mixing of the following

Dental Materials:

  1. Plaster of Paris
  2. Dental Stone
  3. Investments – All types
  4. Impression Materials

a) Impression Compound
b) Reversible Hydrocolloids Heating and Conditioning
c) Irreversible Hydrocolloids
d) Zinc Oxide Eugenol paste
e) Elastomeric Impression material

5. Denture Base Material

a) Heat cure acrylic resin
b) Cold cure acrylic resin

6. Filling Materials:

a) Zinc oxide cement
b) Phosphate cement
c) Silicate cement
d) Zinc Poly acrylic cement
e) Resin cement
f) Silver amalgam

Demonstration:

1. Welding
2. Soldering
3. Annealing
4. Pickling
5. Investing
6. Casting procedure

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SYLLABUS FOR ( II Year BDS )

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1. Human Oral Anatomy, Physiology Histology & Tooth Morphology : (Paper I)

i)    Development and growth of face ‘teeth and jaws’
ii)   Development of enamel., dentine, cementum, pulp and periodontal membrane
iii)  Calcification of hard tissues of the teeth
iv)  Microscopic anatomy of hard and soft tissues of the tooth and surrounding structures.
v)   Microscopic anatomy of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity such as lips, tongue, floor
     of the mouth, palate, salivary glands, alveolar bones etc
vi)  Mastication and deglutition
vii)  Age changes in teeth and surrounding structures
viii) Shedding of the deciduous teeth
ix)  Eruption of permanent teeth
x)  Chronology of dentition
xi)  Form and arrangement of teeth occlusion
xii)  Functional anatomy of the oral cavity
xiii) Temporomandibular joint
xiv)  Evolution of the jaws and teeth
xv)  Chemical composition of teeth
xvi) Calcium phosphorous and fluoride metabolism
xvii) Effect of hormones on oral tissues
xviii) Influence of diet on oral structures
xix) Saliva

Practical:

  1. Carving of deciduous and permanent teeth
  2. Identification of the teeth
  3. Microscopic appearance of normal oral soft and hard tissues

Demonstration:

  1. Preparation of ground section of teeth
  2. Preparation of decalcified sections of hard tissues
  3. Preparation of section of soft tissues.

GENERAL PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOOGY (Paper II)

1.  Introduction to Pathology
2.  Causes of the disease
3.  Cell response to injury
4.  Inflammatory reactions
5.  Tissue response to infection
6.  Wound healing
7.  Immunity to infection
8.  Hyper Sensitivity
9.  Pyogenic infection
10.  Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Actinomycetes, Leprosy, Fungal & Viral diseases
11.  Disorders of growth
12.  Haemorrhage and shock
13.  Disorders of nutrition
14.  Endocrine disturbances
15.  Disorders of calcium metabolism
16.  Thrombosis and embolism
17.  Oedema
18.  Infraction
19.  Renal failure
20.  Hepatic failure
21.  Pigments
22.  Calculi
23.  Healing of fracture

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Basic characteristics of microorganisms
2. Introduction Bacteriology
3. Sterilisation and Disinfection
4. Oral Microbial flora
5. Staphylococci
6. Gram positive and negative bacilli
7. Spirochetes
8. Actinomycetes
9. Viruses
10. Organisms causing tetanus and gas gangrene and dental caries
11.  Common parasites
12.  Vaccines and Sera
13.  Pyaemia, Septicaemia and Toxaemia
14.  Culture and Sensitive infection
15.  Focal and Systemic infection

MICROBIOLOGY – PRACTICAL

1 Gram Staining
2 Hanging Drop preparation
3 Acid fast staining

PATHOLOGY – PRACTICAL

Urine Examination:

  1. Benedict’s Test
  2. Test for Protein
  3. Rothera’s Test
  4. Hey’s Test
  5. Smith’s Test
  6. Benzedine Test

Blood:

  • Blood count
  • Immature cells
  • Slides:
  • Actinomycosis
  • Carcinoma
  • Sarcoma
  • Ameloblastoma
  • Fibroma
  • Thrombosis
  • Haemangioma
  • Granulation Tissue
  • Ulcerations
  • Degeneration
  • Acute inflammation
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Pathology of liver, spleen, glands, lungs etc.
  • Melanoma
  • Chondroma
  • Teratoma
  • Papilloma
  • Rhinosporidium
  • Filarial Lymphadenopathy
  • T.B. Lymphadenopathy
  • Hodgkin’s disease
  • Arteriosclerosis

GENERAL & DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (Paper III)

1. General Pharmacology:

a. General Principles of Pharmacology
b. Drug receptors’ Pharmacodynamics
c. Pharmacokinetics
d. Drug bio -transformation
e. Dosage forms and routes of drug administration
f. Adverse drug reactions

2. Drug action on Central Nervous System

a. General Anaesthetics
b. Sedatives – Diagnostics and Anti-anxiety Drugs
c. Analgesics
    Narcotics
    Non-Narcotics (NSAID)
d. Anti-epileptic drugs
e. Analeptics

3. Drugs acting on Peripheral Nervous System

a. Cholinergic receptor stimulants
b. Cholinergic receptor antagonists
c. Adrenergic receptor activating drugs
d. Local Anaesthetics
e. Skeletal muscle relaxants

4. Anti-infective Agents

a. Sulphonamides & Trimethoprim
b. Metronidazole & Tinidazole
c. Antibiotics
d. Cancer Chemotherapy

5.Local anti-infective agents

a. Disinfectants and Antiseptics including anti fungal and antiviral agents

6. Drugs acting on Cardiovascular System

a. Drugs in Congestive Cardiac failure
b. Anti-hypertensive Agents
c. Vasodilators and Vasoconstrictors
d. Drug therapy of shock
e. Diuretics

7. Drugs acting on Hemopoetic System

a. Iron, Vitamin B12 & Folic acid
b. Haemostatic Agents & Anticoagulants
c. Fibrinolytic Agents & Antiplatelet drugs

8. Drugs acting on the Endocrine System

a. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones
b. Insulin & Anti-diabetic drugs
c. Thyroid & Anti Thyroid drugs
d. Parathormone, Calcitonin, Calcium & Vitamin D
e. Adrenocorticosteroids
f. Sex Hormones

9. Antacoid

a. Histamine & Anti-histamines
b. Seratonin
c. Prostaglandin

10. Drugs acting on Gastrointestinal Tract

a. Emetics & Anti Emetics
b. Antidiarrhoeal
c. Drugs used in constipation

11. Drugs acting on Respiratory System

a. Bronchodilators
b. Antitussive Agents

12. Vitamins

13. Drugs acting on immune system

14. Miscellaneous Agents

a. Astringents
b. Obtundents
c. Mummifying Agents
d. Styptics
e. Disclosing solutions
f. Dentifrices & mouthwashes
g. Bleaching agents

15. Prescription writing

PHARMACOLOGY – PRACTICALS

1 Preparation of mouthwashes
2 Preparation of gum paints
3 Analgesic powder
4 Dentifrices
5 Antiseptics
6 Pulp mummifying paste
7 Pulp capping agents

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SYLLABUS FOR ( III Year BDS )

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1. ORAL PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY

1. Aims and objectives 2. Developmental disturbances of dental, oral and para-oral structure including hereditary disorders. 3. Dental caries 4. Pulpal and periapical pathosis and their sequelae 5. Environmental lesions of the oral and paraoral structures 6. Defence mechanism of oral tissues and healing following injuries 7. Diseases or periodontal ligament, gingiva and cementum 8. Effects of nutritional disturbances and hormonal disorders on the oral and para oral structures. 9. Infectious diseases of oral mucosa 10. Bone disorders affecting jaws 11. Cysts of oral cavity 12. Pre-cancerous lesions-etiology and pathology 13. Neoplasms of oral cavity 14. Diseases of salivary and lymph glands 15. Diseases of temporo-mandibular joint 16. Diseases of Nerves, Skin blood and their implications on Oral Tissues 17. Effects of radiation on Oral and para-oral tissues 18. Oral Microbiology.

Practicals:

1. Identification of hard and soft tissue specimen
2. Identification of histo pathological and microbiological slides
3. Biopsy and Exfoliative cytology technique

Lectures - 50 Hours
Practicals - 90 Hours
Total - 140 Hours

2. GENERAL MEDICINE (Paper II)

Introduction:

Aims of Medicine, Definition of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, history taking and physical examinations of a medical case. Medical emergencies in dental practice

G.I. Disorders:

Stomatitis, glossitis, gastritis, Diarrhoea, Amoebiasis, Ascities, mal absorption syndrome. 

Liver :

  1. Jaundice, Viral hepatitis, cirrhosis liver, Tender hepatomegaly 
  2. Cardiovascular system:
  3. Congenital heart disease, classification Rheumatic heart disease, sub-acute bacterial endocarditis. Congestive heart failure. Left Ventricular failure. Hypertension, Coronary artery disease
  4. Respiratory system:
  5. Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Lung Abscess, Eosinophillia Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Respiratory failure

Renal Diseases:

  1. Acute Glomerulo Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome
  2. Haematology:
  3. Anaemia, Coagulation defects, Bleeding disorders Agranulocytosis. Leukaemia, Oral Manifestations of Haematological disorders, Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.
  4. Central Nervous Systems.
  5. Meningitis, Facial palsy, Facial pain epilepsy, Headache, Syncope.
  6. Nutritional and Metabolic:
  7. Balanced diet-normal daily Protein Caloric malnutrition requirements. Avitaminosis – Diabetes mellitus, calcium homeostasis
  8. Endocrine Disorders:
  9. Thyroid Hypo and Hyper
  10. Pituitary-Hypo and Hyper
  11. Parathyroid
  12. Infections:
  13. Enteric fever-mumps-Viral Exanthomata-Diphtheria – Syphilis – Gonorrhoea.
  14. Miscellaneous:
  15. Allergy-Drug reactions-Drug interactions – Evaluation of a case for general anaesthesia.
  16. Lectures - 40 hours
  17. Clinical - 90 hours
  18. Total - 130 hours

 GENERAL SURGERY (Paper III)

1. Introduction to Surgery, Surgery especially related to Orodental Surgery, Classification of diseases. 2. Inflammation, soft tissue hard tissue-causes, varieties sequelae and treatment. 3. Infections Acute and Chronic, Abscess, Carbuncle Sinus, Fistula, Ulceration Gangrene, Cellulitis, Erysipelas Septicaemia, Pyaemia Toxaemia, Cancrum Oris, Tuberculosis, Syphilis Gonorrhoea Actinomycosis, Anthrax, Tetanus. 4. Wounds – complications Treatment, Repair, Asepsis and Antiseptic Measures and procedure

with particular reference to the Oral cavity. Haemorrhage and its treatment, haemophilia, Syncope, Shock, Collapse, Head injury – Introduction. 5. Cysts and new growths – Their general

consideration with special reference to those occurring in the Buccal Cavity. 6. Diseases of the Lymphatic glands especially of the neck. 7. Outline of diseases of the mouth lips, tongue palate, tonsils and salivary glands. 8. Infections and diseases of the Larynx, Tracheostomy. 9. Nervous system injury to Facial Nerves, paralysis trigeminal Neuralgia 10. Principles of Surgical treatment,

Diathermy and radium treatment. 11. Fracture – General Principles of treatment, diathermy treatment 12. Cleft lip and cleft palate. Thyroid and parathyroid. 14. Swellings of jaws.

i) Case sheet writing and demonstration
ii) Ward procedure, including wound dressing

Lecture - 40 hours
Clinics - 90 hours
Total - 130 hours

 PREVENTIVE AND COMMUNITY DENTISTRY (Paper IV)

1. Bio-statistics :

Introduction and General Principles of Bio-statistics & statistical procedures.

2. Psychology:

Introduction to Psychological development from birth to adolescence, management of child in the dental office parent counselling in respect of dental health and hygiene of the child.

3. Public Health:

Concept and Philosophy of Public Health, Public Health India

General Epidemiology – Health Education, Environmental Health, disposal of wastes, water norms for portability purification.

4. Preventive Dentistry:

Prevention, levels of prevention, various measures in the prevention of dental and oral diseases on individual and mass level

5. Public Health Dentistry:

Introduction, definition, objectives functions of public health dentistry procedural steps in dental public health indices for dental diseases, surveying and evaluation, epidemiology of dental caries, Periodontal diseases, oral care, public dental health programme, school dental health program, Dental Health Services of State and Centre. Private practice administration, ethics, Dental Council and Association. Epidemiology of periodontal disease and parameters used in clinical and population studies.

 6. Social Sciences:

As applied to health, social structure concepts groups, social institutions, urban and rural societies their concept of health. Application of sociology in health programmes, social environment.

Cultural Anthropology objective different aspects of Folk medicine and Popular Medicine, cultural pattern and complexes taboos as related to health.

 FIELD PROGRAM:

1. Rural areas to conduct survey of dental diseases provide dental health education, emergency treatment.

2. School-Health program, Dental care for school children and preventive program. Topical fluoride application and oral Hygiene

Demonstrations.

Lectures - 30 hours
Field Programs - 100 hours  

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SYLLABUS FOR ( FINAL Year BDS )

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CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS (Paper I)

Definition and Scope. Oral Hygiene in relation to conservative dentistry instruments. Nomenclature design and formulae, care and sterilization, examination, diagnosis and treatment planning, charting and recording of cases, cavities classification and nomenclature, choice of filling materials, Principles of cavity preparations, control of pain, prevention of damage to hard and soft tissues during Operative – Procedures, methods employed for exclusion of saliva Bio- Mechanics of cavity design and restoration with filling materials, Pulp and soft tissue protection. Aerators and high-speed equipment, Cavity preparation for various types of restoration including inlays and on lays restorative procedures matrices drugs used in the conservative dentistry, fractured teeth and their treatment. Sensitive dentine, its treatment. Ceramics in conservative dentistry.

ENDODONTICS:

Rationale of Endodontic Therapy. Diagnosis in Endodontics, Care and Sterilisation of Instruments. Endodontic Treatment of Vital and Non-Vital pulp. Tests for sterility of the root canal. Drugs used in root canal therapy. Bleaching of Teeth Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. Surgical Treatment in Endodontics.

Lectures - 70 hours
Techniques - 240 hours
Practicals - 360 hours

 2. ORTHODONTIA (Paper II)

The following syllabus is suggested with a view to make the students understand the types of case he can select for the patient and parents. Hence, stress should be on the preventive and interceptive principles of Orthodontics.

1. Definition, aims, objects and scope of Orthodontics, Growth and Development of jaws teeth, face and skull and establishment of normal occlusion. 3. Genetics as applied to Orthodontics 4. Normal occlusion and its characteristics. Factors responsible for establishment and maintenance of normal occlusion.

5. Malocclusion type & Different classifications. 6. Aetiology of malocclusion. 7. History taking and examination of patient and case analysis and differential diagnosis including cephalometrics and treatment planning. 8. (a) Preventive and interceptive treatment of malocclusion (b) Extraction in orthodontics 9. Appliances used in orthodontic treatment – Adequate knowledge of (a) removable appliances, Mechanical appliances functional appliances 10. Tissue changes incident to orthodontic treatment. 11. Materials used in orthodontia 12. Habit breaking appliances.

Lecture - 40 hours

Practical & Clinical - 150 hours
The teaching of Orthodontia clinic and practical should be arranged during
Pre-final and final BDS.

3. ORAL MEDICINE (ORAL DIAGNOSIS) AND RADIOLOGY (Paper III)

Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis

1. Scope and importance of the subject. 2. Methods of diagnosis including special investigations 3. Acute infections of Oral and para-oral structures 4. Blood dyscrasias and their management. 5. Managements of Cardiac patient in dentistry. 6. Metabolic and endocrine disturbances and their oral manifestations. 7. Nutritional deficiencies and their significances in dentistry. 8. Oral sepsis and its effect on general system. 9. Dysfunctions of temperomandibular joints. 10. Cervico-facial lymphadenopathy. 11. Diseases of salivary glands. 12. Facial pain 13. Cysts and tumour of the oral cavity. 14. Oral manifestation of dermatological and other systemic disturbances 15. Special investigations 16. Immune concepts of oral lesions 17. Forensic odontology

Lectures - 25 hours
Clinicals - 150 hours
Dental Radiology

1. Physics of radiation – production and properties of X-ray. 2. Principles of X-ray techniques and factors for Radiography and fluoroscopy. 3. Technique of intra-oral and extra- oral Radiography and normal anatomical land marks 4. Radiological interpretation of abnormal dental and jaw conditions 5. Elements of Radiation treatment in oral and facial conditions and their sequelae 6. Contrast radiography and recent advances in Dental Radiography including radioactive traces.

Lectures - 15 hours
Clinicals - 90 hours

 4. PERIODONTIA (Paper IV)

1. Introduction – Scope and applicability of the subject. Historical background of Periodontology. 2. Maintenance of Health – Role and Scope of Oral Physiotherapy measures – patients education – program and periodic check 3. Classification of gingival and periodontal disturbances 4. Gingival enlargement

5. Infective muco-gingival conditions –specific and non-specific 6. Degenerative conditions – Gingivosis and Periodontosis 7. Atrophic conditions affecting gingival and periodontal tissues 8. Local and systemic factors in the causation of gingival and periodontal lesions 9. Periodontitis and sequelae 10. Malocclusion, Mal-alignment and traumatic occlusion, Bruxism and Temperomandibular joint disturbances, Occlusal equilibration 11. Diagnosis and diagnostic aids including roentgenography and its uses and limitations 12. Prognosis 13. Morphological defects of the muco-gingival structures influencing periodontium and their treatment. 14. Treatment of all gingival and periodontal disturbances. Treatment planning phases and rationale. Different available therapeutic procedure. Healing Mechanism 15. Role of Nutrition in aetiology and treatment 16. Drugs in periodontics 17. Instrumentation 18. Splints 19. Preventive periodontics, concept of focal infections 20. Materials used in Periodontal

Clinicals

Varied approaches towards plaque control, treatment of the sufficient number of cases of scaling and root planning, approach examinations, diagnosis (including differential diagnosis) and analysis of Periodontal and other cases, clinically Treatment planning including surgical treatment and execution of the same occlusal equilibration.

Lectures - 45 hours
Practicals / Clinicals - 205 hours

 5. ORAL SURGERY (Paper V)

Local Anaesthesia:

1. Introduction 2. Properties of an ideal local anaesthetic drug 3. Properties of common local anaesthetic drugs in use 4. Choice of anaesthesia -local or general anaesthesia 5. Indications and contra indications, advantages and disadvantages of local anaesthesia 6. Components of a standard local anaesthetic solution and the part played by each component 7. How does a local anaesthetic act? 8. Pre-anaesthetic medication 9. Technique of infiltration anaesthesia, Nerve block anaesthesia Symptoms and signs of anaesthesia 10. Complications associated with local anaesthesia and their management.

General Anaesthesia:

1. Properties of general anaesthetic drugs commonly used 2. Pre-anaesthetic preparation of a patient and pre-medication 3. Evaluation of a patient for general anaesthesia 4. Short anaesthesia in a Dental Chair Endotracheal anaesthesia Intravenous anaesthesia

 5. Symptoms and signs of general anaesthesia 6. Complications arising during the administration of general anaesthesia and their management.

Exodontia:

1 Objectives
2 Indications for tooth extraction
3 Pre-operative assessment
4 Forceps extraction
5 Surgical extraction (Trans-alveolar extraction)
6 Extraction technique under general anaesthesia in the Dental Chair
7 Complications of tooth extraction and their management

Oral Surgery:

1. Definition and scope 2. Diagnosis in oral surgery (a) History taking (b) Clinical examination (c) Special investigation 3. Importance of general condition of the patient in relation to oral surgery. 4. Treatment planning 5. Sterilisation 6. Use of antibiotics in oral surgery 7. Diagnosis pre-operative assessment and treatment of impacted teeth. 8. Pre-prosthetic surgery 9. Surgical aid to orthodontics 10. Oro-facial infections, their diagnosis and treatment 11. Inflammatory diseases of jawbone and their management 12. Diagnosis and management of cysts of oral cavity 13. Diagnosis and treatment of the fracture of the mandible 14. General outline of the fracture of the middle third of the facial skeleton 15. Diagnosis and treatment of benign neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity (Odontogenic and non-odontogenic) 16. Surgical procedure in relation to endodontonic therapy (Apicoectomy) 17. Surgical treatment of tumour like lesions of the oral cavity including odontome 18. Diseases of maxillary sinus with special reference to oro-antral fistula 19. Management of haemorrhage in oral surgery 20. Diseases of salivary glands, Diagnosis and treatment of salivary glands 21. Surgical aspect of histo-pathological diagnosis 22. Oral surgical complications and their management 23. Diagnosis of malignant condition of oral cavity, a broad outline about the different methods of treatment 24. Diseases of temporomandibular joint such as arthritis, hypoplasia, subluxation, dislocation, ankylosis & other causes of inability to open the mouth 25. Affliction of trigeminal and facial nerves.

Lectures:

Anaesthesia (Local and General) - 10
Exodontia - 10
Oral Surgery - 40
Clinical - 220 hours
Total Practical & Clinical - 230 hours

 6. PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN BRIDGE (Paper VI)

a) Complete Dentures:

1. Introduction and Scope 2. Applied Anatomy 3. Examination, diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis 4. Principles of retention and stability 5. Principles and techniques of

impression making 6. Preparation of casts, trays and temporary denture bases 7. Jaw relations and methods of registration

8. Artificial teeth, their selection and arrangements and aesthetics 9. Articulators and face bows 10. Occlusion and articulation in complete dentures 11. Processing and finishing of dentures 12. Corrections of occlusal discrepancies 13. Delivery and adjustments of complete dentures 14. Sequelae of ill-fitting dentures 15. Repair, rebasing and relining 16. Immediate denture 17. Implant dentures.

b) Removable Partial Dentures:

  1. Introduction and scope
  2. Classification
  3. Examination diagnosis and treatment planning
  4. Components of removable partial denture and their function
  5. Surveyors
  6. Mouth preparations for partial dentures
  7. Impression procedures
  8. Designs of removable practical dentures and its associated problems
  9. Fabrication of cast metal framework
  10. Jaw relation record
  11. Selection and arrangement of teeth
  12. Acrylic partial denture
  13. Trying in of partial dentures
  14. Processing, finishing, delivery and maintenance of partial dentures
  15. Immediate partial dentures

c) Elements of Crown and Bridge Prosthesis

  1. Introduction and Definitions
  2. Indication and Contra-indications
  3. Examination, diagnosis and treatment planning
  4. Selection and choice of abutment teeth
  5. Principles of tooth reduction
  6. Indications contra-indications and procedures of preparation of
  7. Abutment teeth for receiving various types of retainers
  8. Temporary protection of a prepared tooth
  9. Gingival retractions and impression procedures
  10. Construction of dues and working models direct and indirect
  11. technique
  12. Technique of fabrication of retainers’
  13. Selection and fabrication of pontics
  14. Connectors, stress breakers and assembly o fixed bridges
  15. Finishing commenting and maintenance of crowns and bridge

d) Maxillofacial Prosthesis:

  1. Splints
  2. Obturators
  3. Carriers
  4. Lectures 80 plus 20 = 100 hours
  5. Practical / Clinicals – 360 (Technique) plus 540

 

7. PAEDODONTICS (Paper VII)

I.   Introduction, definition, scope and importance of paedodontics

II.  Growth and Development of Dental and Oral facial structures and

Normal occlusion developmental anomalies

III.  Morphology of Dentitions and its application

a. Applied morphology and histology of deciduous and permanent teeth
b. Importance of first permanent molar

IV.  Fundamental Dental Health

Biological factors responsible for maintenance of Dental and Oral Health

V.  Contributory local factors affecting oral health, plaque etc.

VI.  Child psychology and management of child patient

VII.  Examinations, Diagnosis and Treatment planning

VIII.  Clinical Paedodontics:

Treatment of traumatized teeth,management of the primary and mixed dentition period gingival disorders in children.

Stomatological conditions in children. Mouth habits and their managements. Set-up of Paedodontic clinic. Toothing disorders.

Developmental anomalies. Dental caries in children. Restorative Dentistry. Pulp therapy and endodontics, space maintainers.

Lectures - 40 hours
Practicals & Clinical - 150 hours
Branches of Study
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

II Periodontics

II Conservative Dentistry

IV Oral Pathology

V Orthodontics

VI Prosthodontics

VII Oral Medicine and Radiology

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SYLLABUS FOR   MDS  PART-1

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ANATOMY

Confined to those aspects of Anatomy with demonstrate the fundamental principles and processes and are clinical application

General knowledge of regional, applied, radiological and histological anatomy of the human body

Knowledge of the composition – gross and minute structures, development and function of dental and related tissues and such aspects of embryology as has special dental significance. Recent advances in relation to these matters

Anatomy of head, neck, face, brain and spinal cord including histology and embryology.

DENTAL ANATOMY

1. Development and growth of the face, teeth and jaws.
2. Form and relation of human teeth

a. The form and relations of permanent teeth
b. Tooth sockets
c. Deciduous teeth
d. Dental arches
e. Occlusion
f. Supporting structure of the teeth

3. Early development of the teeth

a. Early development of the tooth germs
b. Function of the enamel organ
c. Tooth eruption

4. Establishment of the deciduous and permanent dentition

a. Shedding deciduous teeth
b. Chronology of eruption of teeth

5. Developmental, macroscopic and microscopic appearance of dental tissue

a. Enamel
b. Dentine
c. Pulp
d. Cementum
e. Periodontal membrane
f. Bone
g. Mucous

6. Tempormandibular joint – Development, anatomy, function and Mechanics.

7. Facial planes in relation to dental structures and the pathways of dental infections.

8. Age changes in teeth and jaws.

PHYSIOLOGY

Sound knowledge of the body, the general principles of nutrition and metabolism. The mechanism whereby normal growth structure of the skeleton and the composition of the body fluids are regulated. Candidate should be familiar with those techniques, which are commonly employed in clinical investigations.

Mastication, deglutition salivary apparatus, food and nutrition, digestion, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, water, fluid and electrolyte balance. Blood composition, functions, blood volume, coagulation, haemorrhage, blood groups and

transfusion. Circulation, heart sounds, pulse and blood pressure. Capillary circulation, Shock, lymph and lymphatics. Formation of urine, abnormal constituents, glycosuria and ketonuria. Control of respiration, asphyxia, hypoxia, artificial respiration. General principles of endocrine functions, hypophysis, thyroid, adrenals, regulation of blood sugar. Reproduction, pregnancy and lactation. Physiology of pain, neuro-hormones, certain cranial nerves and autonomous nervous system.

 

PATHOLOGY

General knowledge of the causation character and sequelae of inflammation, degeneration, regeneration and repair. Hypertrophy, atrophy and hyperplasia, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, ischemia, oedema and neoplasia. Principles of blood transfusion and action of radiation on the body.

Familiarity with the general characteristics of bacteria and viruses and detailed knowledge of those, which are important in dental surgery. Would infection and cross infection. General knowledge of toxins, immunity, allergy and actions and uses of antibiotics.

 

PHARMACOLOGY

1. Introduction: Mechanism of drug action, absorption, distribution, fate and excretion of drugs. Factors modifying drug action bioassay of drugs.

2. Drugs acting on central nervous system:

(a). Anaesthetics – History and theory of anaesthesia. Stages of Anaesthesia. Pre-anesthetic medications. General anaesthetics.

Ether and chloroform, ethyl chloride, trichloro-ethylene, nitrous Oxide, ethylene and cyclopropane.

(b).  Depressants – Hypnotics and sedatives, Barbiturates – long  acting, short acting and ultra short acting. Chloral hydrate, Paraldehyde and Bromide

(c) Analgesics – Morphine and opium alkaloids, Salicylate, Acetanilide, Aminopyrine and Antipyrine

(d) Stimulants – Strychnine, Picrotoxine, Metrazal Coramine, Camphor, Xanthenes, Caffeine, Theophylline and Theo bromine

(e) Local anaesthetics – structure, mode of action, dosage and toxicity of Procaine, Chincocaine, Lignocaine (Lidocaine)

3. Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System – General consideration, Parasympathomimetic drugs, Sympathomimetic drugs and Autonomic Blocking agents.

4. Cardiovascular Drugs – Digitalis, Cardiac glycosides, Quinidine and Nitrites

5. Drugs affecting urine formation:

Diuretics and Anti diuretics

6. Antiseptics, Germicides, Fungicides and Parasiticides.

7. Anti microbial Chemotherapy.

Antibiotics-Penicillin’s, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Neomycin, Bacitracin, Erythromycin, Cephalosporins and Sulpha drugs.

8. Drugs of Endocrine origin:

Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal cortex hormones, Insulin, Sex hormones, anterior pituitary hormones

9. Vitamins: Water-soluble and fat soluble

10. Drugs acting on blood and blood forming organ Iron and Iron salts, Liver extracts, Haematinic principle coagulants and anticoagulants.

11. Minerals: Calcium, Iron, Phosphorus and Trace Elements – Metabolism Deficiency therapeutic use.

12. Antihistamines and Anti-Allergic drugs

13. Psychosomatic drugs: Tranquillisers, Anti-Depressants and Anti-Epileptics.

14. Drugs used in cancer (Anti neoplastics): Adrelamycin, Cytoxin, Nitrogen mustard derivatives anti metabolites.

15. Diagnostic drugs: Drugs used in diagnosis of diseases. Radio Opaque dyes. Mode of administration, Toxicity, excretion and clinical uses.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction: Physical Chemistry as related to medicine, Solutions and strength of solutions. Hydrogen ion concentration. Acids and bases-buffers, colloidal state, osmotic pressure, ion exchanges and thermodynamic considerations.

  1. Carbohydrates: MonoSaccharides, Di-Saccharides and polysaccharides their nature and metabolism.
  2. Lipids: Characters of simple and compound lipids. Their absorption and metabolism Steroids.
  3. Proteins: Characters of Peptides and Amino Acids, Metabolism – Essential amino acids
  4. Enzymes: Properties and role of metabolism and factors that modify them
  5. Biological oxidation, reduction and other chemical degradation
  6. Water electrolyte balance – Energy exchange, Caloric value, BMR caloric requirements of a man.

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SYLLABUS FOR  MDS  PART-2              .......Top.......

ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

A broad outline of theoretical, clinical and practical courses:

1. Embryology and gross anatomy of head and neck in relation to Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery.
2. Principles of General and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
3. Laboratory investigations
4. Surgical anatomy and pathology of Head and Neck

Applied Radiology

Surgical procedure for

a. Diseases and defects for or facial region
b. Surgical management
c. Prosthetic and orthodontic problems including principles of Plastic surgery
d. Recent advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
e. Reimplantation of teeth
f. Implants – Commonly used surgical techniques for implant Procedures.

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers, out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject. One in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be an Essay. Each paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

Clinical and practical examination of not less than 2 days duration involving case studies, diagnosis and treatment planning and execution of commonly used surgical procedures in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

PERIODONTICS

A broad outline of theoretical, clinical and practical courses.

1. Applied anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the periodontium
2. Characteristic of periodontal disease, etiology, pathogenesis and Microbiology
3. Periodontal therapeutics
4. Surgical aspects of periodontics
5. Traumatic periodontal disturbances
6. Inter-relationship of periodontics with other dental and medical clinical disciplines
7. Public health aspects of periodontal diseases – preventive periodontics
8. Current advances in periodontics

Clinical Proficiency: A candidate should attain clinical proficiency by treating not less than 50 cases of periodontal diseases involving different therapeutic techniques.

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers, out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject one in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be in Essay. Each paper shall be of 3 hours.

CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY

Broad outline of theoretical, clinical and practical courses:

Conservative Dentistry:

1. History and rationale of conservative procedures
2. Occlusion
3. Pathologic and non-pathologic lesions of the hard tissue of teeth, advanced knowledge of etiology, diagnosis treatment and prevention.
4. Modern development and advanced knowledge of restorative materials, procedures, cutting tools, drugs and chemicals used in conservative dentistry.
5. All types of restorations used in conservative dentistry.
6. Modern biological and mechanical concept
7. Dental caries-detailed study of research methods used in studying dental caries and its prevention.
8. Conservative dentistry in relation to other branches of dentistry including geriatric dentistry.

ENDODONTICS

1. History and rationale of endodontic procedures
2. Pulp and peri apical pathology, advanced knowledge, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of pulp involved in teeth.
3. Bacteriological investigation and intra coronal medication
4. Advanced knowledge of development of root canal instruments their sterilization and use
5. Advanced knowledge of restorative materials and operative procedures in endodontics
6. Etiology, treatment of fractured and traumatized teeth.
7. Endodontic procedures for re-implantation of teeth and fundamental of surgical procedures for re-implantation of teeth.

All available methods and restorative materials including bleaching of discoloured teeth should treat adequate number of cases.

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers, out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject, one in applied Basic Sciences and one shall be in Essay. Each paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

Clinical and practical examination of not less than 2 days duration involving case studies, diagnosis and treatment of different conditions involving conservative and endodontic procedures, which would demonstrate the clinical and technical ability of the individual.

Subject of Conservative Dentistry is concerned with those procedures which, applied to exposed surfaces of teeth in the dental arches, prevent pathologic process in these areas or which, if disease and deterioration has occurred and the consequence of these conditions have resulted, restore them in so far as possible to normal physiologic condition, aesthetic appearance and occlusal relationship with a view of preservation of dental health and general health at an optimum level. The study includes endodontics.

 ORAL PATHOLOGY

Broad outline of theoretical, clinical and practical courses :

1. Study of principles of routine and special techniques used for histo pathology including principles of histo chemistry as related to oral pathology.

2. Advanced and Histo pathologic study of dental and oral tissues including embryologic consideration.

3. Study of special pathology of oral regions as well as relation of local pathologic and clinical findings to systemic conditions.

4. Oral microbiology and their relationship to various branches of dentistry

5. Oral diagnosis of soft tissue changes-study of basic clinical changes and their significance to dental and oral diseases as related to oral pathology.

6. Forensic dentistry

7. Recent advances in oral pathology and oral microbiology

8. Study of principles and techniques of oral cytology and oral biopsy procedures.

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject one in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be an Essay. Each paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

Clinical practical and viva voce examination of not less than 2 days duration involving case studies, clinical and pathological of oral diseases.

 

ORTHODONTICS

1. The MDS program should consist of seminars on various subjects on Orthodontics like growth and development, anthropology genetics embryology, statistics, nutrition, normal occlusion and variations, malocclusions, etiology of malocclusions, radiology and cephalometric, preventive and interceptive orthodontics, corrective orthodontics development of orthodontic appliance and techniques, histological changes related to orthodontic treatment and retention.

2. Practical training should consist of preparing orthodontic study models, fabrication of various components or removable and fixed appliances and fabrication of complete appliances.

3. Clinical training should consist of preparing case records, appliances and treatment of different types of malocclusions by different mechanisms.

4. Dissertation

5. Case presentation – The candidate should prepare a complete record of at least five fully treated cases by any techniques and

present the same at the practical examination. Case presentation and discussion of the same will form an important part of the practical examination.

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject, one in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be in Essay.

Each paper shall be of three hours duration

Clinical practical and viva-voce examination of not less than two days duration involving diagnosis, case analysis and treatment planning of a case and discussions of the same followed by the fabrication of a fixed and removable and functional appliance.

PROSTHODONTICS

Its practical, clinical and practical courses in Prosthodontics shall broadly comprise of the following:

1. Study of human masticatory apparatus and its functions in health in deranged occlusal states and in conditions incidental to partial or complete loss of teeth and facial structures.

2. Study of the Principles, Procedures and techniques of constructing and maintaining various types of dentition and allied prosthesis including the material used.

3. Study of biological and mechanical consideration related to various types of dentures and allied prosthesis

4. A candidate should complete not less than 30 cases consisting of all types of prosthodontics appliances

5. The MDS written shall consist of four papers, out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject, one in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be an Essay. Each paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

Clinical and practical and viva voce examination not less than two days duration involving case studies diagnosis and treatment planning and execution of commonly used prosthodontic appliances and replacements.

ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY

A broad outline theoretical, clinical and practical courses.

1. Clinical pathology and microbiology as applied or al and facial lesions
2. Congenital add hereditary disorders involving lesions of orofacial region
3. Systemic diseases with oral manifestations.
4. Haematological, dermatological and neurological conditions with oral manifestations.
5. Salivary glands disorders
6. Diseases of reticule-endothelial system and autoimmune disease
7. TMJ Dys-Functions
8. Allergy, forensic odontology and other miscellaneous conditions
9. Neoplasms and Pre-malignant lesions
10. Therapy in above conditions.

RADIOLOGY

1. Principles of radio physics and radiations
2. Hazards of radiation
3. Radiological techniques of head and neck region
4. Radiological anatomy of head and neck and interpretation of X-Ray films
5. Traces in diagnosis

The MDS written examination shall consist of four papers, out of which two shall be pertaining to the subject, one in Applied Basic Sciences and one shall be an Essay.

Each paper shall be of three hours duration

Clinical, practical and viva-voce examination of not less than 2 days duration involving case studies, diagnosis and treatment planning for oral diseases. Radiological techniques and radiological diagnosis to demonstrate the candidate’s proficiency.

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SYLLABUS FOR THE
DENTAL MECHANICS COURSE

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Applied Physics:-

Specific gravity, density, properties of matter, including cohesion, capillarity, surface tension viscosity, elasticity, diffusion and osmosis.

Heat: Temperature and its measurements Thermometers and Pyrometers. General account of expansion by heat of solids, liquids and gases. Thermostats, Pressure gas and hydraulic. Boyle's and Charles Laws. Unit of heat, thermal capacity and specific Heat. Change of state: Latent heat: Melting Point, Properties of vapours, conduction, convection and radiation.

Principles of electro-technology applied to dental workroom, small motors. Constructional features and characteristics, electric furnaces, heaters, thermostats, pyrometers, spot welders, electroplating, electro -forming, and anodising, Wiring regulations relating to low voltage supplies.

Exercises/Demonstrations:-

- Balance - Weighing correct to a rnilligram

- Determination of specific by the principle of Archimedes (Solids and liquids)

- Determination of surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise.

- Determination of linear expansion of solids (level method)

- Determination of the specific heats of solids and liquids by the method of Mixtures.

- Small motors - constructional features and characteristics (Demonstration only)

- Determination of the electro - chemical - equivalent of  copper.

Applied Mechanics:-

Forces, Parallelogram and triangle of forces, Moments, Couples, Centre of gravity. Principles of lever and cantilever work, Energy, Power, Friction, Inclined plane, Screw Stress, Strain, Shearing Strain, Torsion, Bending movements, Strength and Stiffness of materials.

Exercises/Demonstrations:-

- Verification of the parallelogram and triangle laws of   forces.

- Inclined plane Determination of mechanical advantage

- Determination of Young's Modulus by bending of beams.

Applied Chemistry

Distinction between physical and chemical change: elements mixtures and compounds: composition of the atmosphere: Oxygen

oxides, burning and rusting: water solvent properties and crystallisation: action of water on metals: composition of water hydrogen: Laws of chemical combination, meaning of chemical symbols: valency: simple chemical equations: acids, bases and salts.

Electrolysis, The ionic theory of collation. The electroportential series, electroplating. General characteristics of the metals including an elementary study of the common metals and their compounds with special reference to those used in the dental work room.

Alcohol, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, fatty acids and their more important derivatives, amines. Simple treatment of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, Benzenes and its homologues. General characteristics of aromatic substances. Synthetic resins and plastics used in Dentistry.

Exercises/Demonstrations:

- Tests for Acids and alkalis radicals.

- Acid - base titration - Neutralisation of acids with alkalis.

Titration of N/10 NaOH with N/10 H2 SO4 henolphthalion  of Methyl red as indicator 2 4

- Total Nitrogen determination in organic nitrogenous materials by kjaldal digestion and distillation.

- Total Nitrogen determination in In-organic (ammoniacal   solutions (or salts) by direct distillation with Mg

- Determination of Phosphorus in in-organic materials by precipitation.

- Determination of Potassium in aqueous solution by per chlorate method.

- Electrolytic deposition (electrolysis and electroplating of   metals)  a. Deposition of Copper by electrolysis of copper Sulphate solution.

b. Calculation of E.C.E. 

Dental Mechanics and applied Oral Anatomy: 

Applied Oral Anatomy:

- Elementary anatomy of structure of denture/bearing area

- Human dentition and occlusion

- Functions of teeth and morphology of Crowns of teeth.

- Tooth Carving in wax and plaster

- Muscles of mastication and facial expression

- Mastication deglutition and phonation

- Movements of tempera-mandibular joint

 Dental Mechanics (Primary)

- Impression: Preservation and Boxing – in

- Cast : Preparation, Trimming including Orthodontic casts.

- Cast duplication - Various methods.

- Construction of special trays - spacers.

- Bite blocks - base plates and wax rims.

- Articulators: Classification and uses - care of articulators.

- Adjustments, Mounting of casts.

- Articulation, Occlusal plane, protrusive balance, working

bite, balancing bite, curve of Spee, compensating curve,

lateral curve.

- Principles of selection of teeth.

- Setting of teeth and wax finishing

- Flasking, Dewaxing, Packing, curing and Deflasking.

- Finishing and polishing of dentures.

- Additions, repairs, relining and rebasing of dentures.

- Immediate denture construction

- Making of acrylic teeth

- Kennedy's classification of dentures.

- Principles of partial denture, design, clasp surveyors, surveying, path of insertion and removal. Establishment of  clasp seat. Clasp's parts, classification function and reciprocation.

- Principles of wire bending. Preparation of wrought clasps, occlusal rests and lingual bars.

Dental Mechanics (Final)

- Casting machines : Centrifugal and pressure casting machines, Furnaces

- Principles of casting

- Casting techniques of partial denture (skeleton) Clasps, bars, occlusion rest.

- Setting of teeth and completion of dentures on metal skeletons.

- Mechanical principles of Orthodontic appliances, anchorage, force, tissue changes and retention. Stainless steel wire-preparation of clasps springs and Arch wires for Orthodontia appliances.

- Use of various types of expansion screws.

- Preparation of removable Orthodontic appliances, Activators, Retention appliances and Oral screen

- Construction of fixed Orthodontic appliances, bands, tubes and arches.

- Soldering and spot welding-Soldering of clasps, tags, Strengtheners and lingual bars.

- Inlays and /crowns-classification and contruotio-nfacing & backings

- Casting Procedures.

- Principles of bridges work - type of abutments - abutments and pontics - construction of bridges using porcelain and acrylic pontics.

 

DENTAL MATERIALS AND METALLURGY

Dental Materials:

Composition, Properties, Uses, Advantages & Disadvantages of the following materials:-

  1. Plaster of Paris
  2. Stone plaster
  3. Investment Materials
  4. All Impression Materials
  5. Tray Materials
  6. Denture Base Materials, both for cold curing and heat
  7. Curing
  8. Tooth Materials WaxesBase PlatesZinc Oxide
  9. Dental Cements, & other Materials used in Dentistry

 

Dental Metallurgy

- Metallurgical Terms

- General Properties of Metals

- Study of:

(a) Metals used in Dentistry particularly Gold, Silver,

Copper, Zinc, Tin, Lead and Aluminium

(b) Alloys used in Dentistry particularly, Casting Gold

Wrought Gold, Silver Alloys, Stainless Steel, Ch, Cobalt Alloys.

- Heat Treatment - annealing and tempering:

- Solders, Fluxes, Anti Fluxes,

- Tarnish and Corrosion

- Electric Deposition.

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